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Information related to Natural Gas. Natural gas is a gaseous fossil fuel consisting primarily of methane (CH4) but including significant quantities of ethane, butane, propane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium and hydrogen sulfide. It is found in oil fields and natural gas fields, and in coal beds (as coalbed methane). When methane-rich gases are produced by the anaerobic decay of non-fossil organic material, these are referred to as biogas. Sources of biogas include swamps, marshes, and landfills (see landfill gas), as well as sewage sludge and manure by way of anaerobic digesters, in addition to enteric fermentation particularly in cattle. Natural gas is often informally referred to as simply gas, especially when compared to other energy sources such as electricity. Before natural gas can be used as a fuel, it must undergo extensive processing to remove almost all materials other than methane. The by-products of that processing include ethane, propane, butanes, pentanes and higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, elemental sulfur, and sometimes helium and nitrogen. Wikipedia.
A modern gas-fired power plant is cleaner than coal-fired technologies, and emits 50-70% less CO2 per unit of electrical output. In addition, natural gas combustion does not produce SO2 or particulate pollutants.
Separate related pages: Landfill Methane. Coal to Gas.
Additional Resources
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Companies
Atmos Energy - Atmos Energy Corporation engages in the distribution, transmission, and storage of natural gas. It distributes natural gas to approximately 3.2 million residential, commercial, public authority, and industrial customers located in Colorado, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, Texas, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and Virginia. The company provides natural gas management and marketing services to municipalities, other local gas distribution companies, and industrial customers in the southeastern and midwestern states; and natural gas transportation and storage services to various third parties. As of September 30, 2007, Atmos Energy owned approximately 76,362 miles of underground distribution and transmission mains, and 6,363 miles of gas transmission and gathering lines. The company was founded in 1906. It was formerly known as Energas Company and changed its name to Atmos Energy Corporation in 1988.
Locations: Dallas, Texas.
Stock: NYSE: ATO. Yahoo: http://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=ato
Website: http://www.atmosenergy.com
Enogex - operates a pipeline system engaged in natural gas gathering, processing, transportation, storage and marketing. The system includes about 7,900 miles of pipe, seven processing plants, and 23 billion cubic feet of storage capacity.
Locations: Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
Parent: OGE Energy - Energy - Investor Owned Utilities Page. Locations: Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
Website: http://www.oge.com/enogex/
Enterprise Products Partners - is the second largest publicly traded, midstream energy partnership with an enterprise value of approximately $6 billion. Enterprise is a leading provider of midstream energy services to producers and consumers of natural gas and natural gas liquids ("NGLs"). The Company's services include natural gas transportation, processing and storage and NGL fractionation (or separation), transportation, storage and import/export terminaling.
Locations: Houston, Texas.
Website: http://www.epplp.com
ProLiance - More than 100 ProLiance energy professionals serve a wide range of customers in 18 states from our Indianapolis headquarters and sales offices in Illinois, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, Texas and Tennessee. Working for a customer base that includes national manufacturers, local schools and hospitals, and large electric and natural gas utilities, we manage more than 475 billion cubic feet of natural gas, and administer thousands of transactions on nearly two dozen interstate pipelines. Affiliates of Citizens Gas & Coke Utility and Vectren Corporation (two utility industry leaders headquartered in Indiana) started ProLiance Energy in 1996 as a marketing alliance to achieve lower natural gas and transportation costs for their customers. The combined volume of business gave ProLiance the ability to negotiate more cost-effective gas and pipeline contracts than either utility could achieve alone. Since then, we’ve generated more than $50 million in savings for these two utilities and their customers.
Locations: Indiannapilis, Indiana; Naperville, Illinois.
Parent: (1) Citizens Energy Group - Energy - Utilities - Municipalities Page. Locations: Indiannapolis, Indiana.
Parent: (2) Vectren Corporation - Energy - Investor Owned Utilities Page. Locations: Evansville, Illinois.
People: http://www.proliance.com/inside.asp?doc_id=12&nav_id=24
Website: http://www.proliance.com
Prometheus Energy - is actively capturing methane from waste or low-quality sources such as landfills, stranded gas wells, wastewater treatment facilities, agricultural operations and coalbed methane . We then use our proprietary technology to turn this methane into liquid natural gas, LNG. This provides a clean burning, less expensive and safe alternative to traditional fuels such as diesel, propane, and gasoline. Website. *
Questar Gas - provides retail natural gas-distribution service to more than 800,000 customers in Utah, southwestern Wyoming and a small portion of southeastern Idaho. Questar Gas is regulated by the Public Service Commission of Utah and the Wyoming Public Service Commission.
Locations: Salt Lake City, Utah.
Website: http://www.questargas.com/AboutUs/aboutus.html
Sequent Energy Management - delivers smarter ways to optimize natural gas assets and effectively utilize transportation and storage services. Sequent serves the needs of utilities, marketers, retail aggregators, municipalities and large industrial customers in the United States. The company focuses on asset management and the wholesale marketing, trading, storage and transportation of natural gas. In addition, it provides commodity delivery services to natural gas producers.
Locations: Houston, Texas.
People: http://www.sequentenergy.com/AboutUs/ManagementTeam.aspx
Subsidiary of:: AGL Resources - Energy - Investor Owned Utilities Page. Locations: Atlanta, Georgia.
Website: http://www.sequentenergy.com
Wentworth Energy - is an independent exploration and production company focused on developing North American oil and natural gas reserves. The Company owns a 27,557-acre mineral block in east central Freestone County and west central Anderson County in the active East Texas Basin, as well as an active oil and gas contract drilling company, Barnico Drilling, Inc., which has serviced East Texas drilling demand since the late 1970s. Website. Investors: Yorkville Advisors.
Companies - Supporting Technologies
LPP Combustion - has developed a system that converts light, liquid fuels into a synthetic natural gas that can then be burned with low emissions in virtually any combustion device in place of natural gas.
Locations: Columbia, Maryland.
People: http://www.lppcombustion.com/management-team.html
Website: http://www.lppcombustion.com
Senscient - Energy - Monitoring Page.
WellDog - has developed a patented field-based downhole chemical laboratory. This laboratory serves as a platform technology currently deployed to enhance unconventional natural gas development, reduce the environmental impact of coalbed methane co-produced water and reduce greenhouse gases. Website. Management. Board Of Directors. Advisory Board. Locations: Laramie, Wyoming.
Papers
A Hard Look at Incentive Mechanisms for Natural Gas Procurement - This paper examines existing incentive mechanisms for gas procurement. It lays out the basic structure of these mechanisms, identifies common pitfalls, examines closely the characteristics of the mechanisms, and makes recommendations for their improvement in advancing consumers' interest. (PDF - 33 Pages).
Efforts to Harmonize Gas Pipeline Operations with the Demands of the Electricity Sector - This briefing paper provides a basic description of the problems faced by gas-fired power generators in scheduling pipeline capacity, in view of existing gas pipeline nomination procedures. (PDF)
Resources
American Gas Association - founded in 1918, represents 200 local energy utility companies that deliver natural gas to more than 64 million homes, businesses and industries throughout the United States. A total of 69 million residential, commercial and industrial customers receive natural gas in the US, and AGA's members’ deliver 92 percent of all natural gas provided by the nation's natural gas utilities. AGA is an advocate for natural gas utility companies and their customers and provides a broad range of programs and services for member natural gas pipelines, marketers, gatherers, international natural gas companies and industry associates. Natural gas meets almost one-fourth of the United States' energy needs. Website.
Definitions - Biogas, Coalbed Methane.
Interstate Natural Gas Association of America (INGAA) - the North American association representing interstate and interprovincial natural gas pipeline companies, speaks for the companies that own and operate those lines. This site includes information on INGAA activities as well as the natural gas pipeline industry. Website.
National Petroleum Council - An Oil and Natural Gas Advisory Committee to the Secretary of Energy. Website.
U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Information Administration - Natural Gas information. Website.
U.S. Energy Information Administration - Natural Gas Information. Website.
Methane to Markets Partnership - is an international initiative that advances cost-effective, near-term methane recovery and use as a clean energy source. The goal of the Partnership is to reduce global methane emissions in order to enhance economic growth, strengthen energy security, improve air quality, improve industrial safety, and reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. Webpage on EPA.
U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission - Natural Gas Information. Website.
Terms
Marsh gas - is another term for methane, produced by plants decomposing under water. Methane is highly combustible and has caused several coal mine explosions, but in marshy areas it's not as dangerous since it's diluted with air.
Methane - is a chief component of natural gas, which is an effective, biodegradable form of energy.
Additional Resources
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Paul J. Feldman